The Convergence of Content and Commerce: The Case of Shoppable Ads

  • ARF
  • CROSS-PLATFORM MEASUREMENT COUNCIL

Shoppable advertising is reshaping the relationship between media and commerce, and measurement practices are still catching up. In this report, the ARF Cross-Platform Measurement Council’s Attribution Working Group examines how brands, platforms, retailers and publishers are defining, deploying and evaluating Shoppable Ads. Based on nine in-depth industry interviews, this report highlights growth trends, key use cases, measurement methods and challenges, and the path toward scalable, closed-loop attribution to Shoppable Ads.

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Proving the Power of Faster MMM: New Research & Real-World Brand Stories

  • ARF
  • INSIGHTS STUDIOS

On February 25, leading authorities from OptiMine shared new research examining why marketing mix model (MMM) refresh cadence matters more than many brands realize. Attendees heard the latest insights from OptiMine’s Model Refresh Cadence project, examining how model degradation occurs over time and how refresh frequency impacts reliability and decision-making. Panelists shared real-world case studies based on brands that have successfully moved to faster refresh cycles, highlighting what changed operationally and what improved as a result.

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Big vs. Small Influencers: Matching Follower Size to Message Strategy

  • ARF
  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

Should brands partner with influencers who have massive followings—or smaller, more niche audiences? New research shows that the answer depends on how the message is delivered. Using construal level theory, the study finds that follower size signals psychological “social distance,” which shapes how consumers process influencer content. Smaller influencers are most persuasive when brand information is explicit and shared on their own channels, while mega-influencers perform better when branding is subtle or when content appears on brand-owned channels. The results suggest that aligning influencer follower size with message diagnosticity can significantly improve campaign effectiveness.

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The ARF 2025 Research Intelligence Hub: Key Insights for Advertising Effectiveness

  • ARF Research Compendium

The ARF’s 2025 Research Reports & Resources compendium brings together the most important thinking shaping advertising research today—from AI and privacy to media planning, attention and brand strategy. Spanning dozens of studies, reports and expert perspectives published by the ARF in 2025, this collection provides marketers and researchers with a practical, forward-looking view of how data, technology and consumer behavior are redefining the discipline.

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Designing for Fit: How Model and Product Size Influence Consumer Evaluations

  • ARF
  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

Advertisers frequently feature both products and human models in print and digital campaigns—but how large each element appears relative to the other can significantly influence consumer responses. This Journal of Advertising Research study shows that the effectiveness of this visual design choice depends on product type. Across a field experiment and multiple online studies, the researchers find that hedonic products perform better when the model is larger than the product, while utilitarian products benefit when the product itself is larger than the model. The reason: these pairings create greater conceptual fluency for consumers, making the advertisement feel more cognitively “right” and leading to stronger product evaluations and purchase intentions.

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Learning Across Marketing Experiments: A Bayesian Approach to Improving Targeting

  • ARF, MSI

Companies run many marketing experiments, but most A/B tests are analyzed independently—limiting what firms can learn about how customers respond to interventions over time. This research introduces a hierarchical Bayesian framework that integrates data from many experiments simultaneously to estimate customer-level responsiveness to marketing. Using large-scale field experiments, the model decomposes treatment effects into customer, campaign and timing components and uses these insights to improve targeting decisions. The results show that most variation in marketing effectiveness comes from persistent differences in customer responsiveness, enabling firms to better identify who to target and when.

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