Creative & Branded Content

Cause-Related Marketing Messages that are Customer-Centric have Greater Impact

  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

This study explores the effectiveness of cause-related marketing and how brands can enhance consumer trust by attributing their charitable actions to customers rather than the brand itself. The research shows that when brands share the credit for good deeds with their customers, it reduces perceptions of bragging and increases brand trust. This beneficial effect is particularly significant for brands with high integrity.

The findings are based on three studies involving American adults, which demonstrate that attributing donations to customers (versus the brand) reduces perceived bragging and increases donation intentions and brand trust. The study highlights the importance of brand integrity in moderating these effects.

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How the Deliberate Use of Slurs Impacts Prosocial Advertising

  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

When a slur is used, people hear it. Usually, it is either morally wrong or used in a negative way. However, certain nonprofit organizations have turned these words into tools to grab attention in provocative prosocial advertising campaigns. This study examines how such sexist and homophobic slurs can influence consumer engagement and cognitive elaboration. The findings suggest that advertisements containing offensive language can increase the perceived importance of the issue and motivate individuals to seek help or register for training sessions. However, the effectiveness of such advertisements depends on the audience's prior exposure to sexism or homophobia and their perception of the issue's importance.

The study also highlights the potential risks and benefits of using offensive language in social marketing. While offensive advertisements can capture attention and provoke thought, they may also alienate certain audiences. Social marketers should carefully consider their target audience and the context in which offensive language is used to maximize the positive impact of their campaigns.

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Creative Effectiveness 2024

On September 26, the ARF held our third annual Creative Effectiveness conference where we discussed and debated questions around reclaiming creativity in the age of AI. Brand, agency, media and research sages showcased examples of how they are stimulating and measuring creative with various approaches and tools. Following the conference, attendees joined us for an evening of celebrating at the ARF David Ogilvy Awards — honoring research- and insights-driven advertising.

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Using “Containing Language” Effectively Boosts Price Communications Effectiveness

  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

This study explores the impact of using "containing language" in advertisements on perceived offer fairness and consumer behavior. Identifying useful phrases like "That's it!" and "Period!" can reduce perceived price complexity and enhance perceived offer fairness, leading to higher purchase intentions, the researchers conclude. These findings suggest that marketers can use such language to communicate prices more effectively and responsibly.

The study involved multiple experiments and a large-scale field study, demonstrating that containing language can positively influence consumer perceptions and responses. The research provides valuable insights for marketing practitioners on how to design advertisements that improve consumer trust and engagement.

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How Offline Versus Online Promotional Media Affects Consumer Response

  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

In the digital age, marketers are increasingly utilizing online sales promotions. However, this study hypothesized that offline (versus online) media more effectively induce consumer behavioral responses to sales promotion. Field and lab experiments supported this hypothesis, showing that sending print (versus online) coupons increased redemption behavior. This effect was mediated by cognitive engagement with the content and was more pronounced among consumers with low (versus high) brand attachment. These results were consistently replicated across different product categories.

This study provides behavior-based evidence supporting the effectiveness of offline media and highlights brand attachment as a new moderator of the effect. The findings caution against marketers’ overdependence on online sales promotion and suggest that offline promotional media can enhance consumers’ cognitive engagement with the content, leading to better behavioral outcomes.

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Circular Economy Framing Increases the Effectiveness of Sustainability Claims

This study explores how circular economy framing can enhance the effectiveness of sustainability claims by making them more concrete and understandable for consumers. The research suggests that using circular economy metaphors can reduce the perceived abstractness of sustainability claims, thereby increasing consumers' willingness to purchase sustainable products. The study conducted three experiments to test this hypothesis and found that circular economy framing significantly improves the concreteness of sustainability messages and boosts consumer engagement with sustainable products. The findings offer valuable insights for marketers and advertisers on how to frame sustainability claims to enhance their effectiveness. By leveraging the circular economy concept, businesses can make their sustainability messages more relatable and compelling, ultimately driving a higher adoption of sustainable products.

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Virtual Influencers, Advertising’s Financial Impact, and Avatars in the Metaverse

  • JAR INSIGHTS STUDIOS

At this Insights Studio, researchers from top institutions presented pioneering work addressing the evolving landscape of advertising. Topics of discussion included: an exploration of virtual influencers and the effectiveness of virtual influencers in real-world versus virtual-world settings, a comprehensive synthesis of over 250 studies examining the complex relationship between advertising and a company’s stock price, and a deep dive into the emerging world of the metaverse with a study on how the presence of employee avatars in virtual stores influences consumer behavior.

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Who is More Persuasive to an Audience, Micro-, Macro- or Mega- Influencers?

  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

This study investigates the impact of influencer follower size on brand responses. It examines whether micro-, macro- or mega-influencers are more effective in increasing brand awareness, positive brand attitudes and purchase intentions. The study finds that micro-influencers, with fewer than 100,000 followers, are more persuasive than larger influencers due to their higher perceived credibility and similarity to the audience. The research highlights the importance of choosing the right influencer size for marketing campaigns to achieve better brand outcomes.

The study also explores the underlying mechanisms that explain the effects of influencer size on brand responses. It identifies three key factors: wishful identification, perceived credibility and perceived similarity. The findings suggest that micro-influencers are more effective in enhancing brand awareness and positive brand attitudes because they are perceived as more credible and similar to the audience.

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