When Language Becomes Targeting: How Gender Cues Shape AI Recommendations

  • ARF

As generative AI tools increasingly influence product discovery and decision-making, subtle cues in user language can shape what consumers are shown—and how options are framed. This research examines how implicit and explicit gender signals affect AI-generated product recommendations, revealing systematic differences in categories, brand repetition, descriptive language and price information. The findings raise important questions for advertisers and researchers about bias, brand visibility and the growing cultural role of AI in shaping consumer norms.

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When Media Effects Multiply: Evidence of Cross-Funnel Synergies

  • ARF
  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

Media planning frameworks often assume that channels operate independently or compete within the same funnel stage. This research challenges that assumption by demonstrating that the largest performance gains come from cross-funnel synergies, particularly between upper-funnel television, middle-funnel digital media and lower-funnel promotions. Using a large-scale CPG dataset and a novel estimation–optimization approach, the study shows that explicitly modeling these interactions can materially improve media allocation decisions while also significantly increasing incremental revenue.

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Improving AI-Driven Marketing Content Using LLM-Generated Knowledge

  • ARF, MSI

As generative AI becomes a central tool for producing marketing content, firms increasingly rely on fine-tuning models using engagement data, such as A/B test results. This MSI working paper argues that optimizing only for “what works” risks reward hacking, clickbait and poor generalization. The authors propose a knowledge-guided alignment framework in which large language models (LLMs) generate and validate hypotheses about why content performs well, and then use this knowledge to guide fine-tuning. Using more than 23,000 A/B-tested news headlines, the study shows that knowledge-guided AI produces higher engagement, avoids clickbait and generalizes better—especially in low-data settings.

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The Attribution Working Group Drills Down into Shoppable Ads

  • by Matthew Yoli, Young Pros Officer
  • CROSS-PLATFORM MEASUREMENT COUNCIL

On February 19, 2026, the ARF Attribution Working Group hosted a deep‑dive session focused on the rapidly evolving landscape of Shoppable Ads, exploring how new formats are emerging, how they function across platforms, and how measurement practices are adapting. The discussion delved into shoppable ads across retail media networks, social platforms, display inventory, and connected TV environments, highlighting how these formats are redefining the relationship between media exposure and commerce outcomes. The conversation built on the Working Group’s broader initiative to evaluate five emerging advertising channels, an effort informed by industry interviews and an agency/advertiser survey. The session was moderated by Chip Godfrey (Director, Data Strategy, J.D. Power, and a member of the ARF Attribution Working Group). The panelists were Yannick Koger (Sr. Manager, NA Retail Measurement Solutions, Pinterest), Jared Oliver (Manager, Advanced Analytics & Modeling, Ocean Spray and a member of the Attribution Working Group), and Phil X. Jackson (Director, Global Digital Marketing Effectiveness & Innovation, Haleon).

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How Unfamiliar Message Cues Can Improve Ad Recall in a Multitasking World

  • ARF
  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

As media multitasking becomes the norm rather than the exception, advertisers face growing challenges in capturing and sustaining audience attention. This research demonstrates that introducing unfamiliar cues—such as technical or uncommon terms—into ad content can trigger selective attention and meaningfully improve ad recall, but only when audiences are multitasking in ways that are congruent with the message. Across multiple experimental studies, the findings show how curiosity-driven engagement can help ads break through distraction and be remembered more effectively.

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Understanding Transparency in Brand Backstory Experience

  • ARF; MSI

As consumers increasingly expect brands to “open their doors,” companies respond by offering behind-the-scenes experiences, such as factory tours, visitor centers and brand museums. This MSI working paper shows that these encounters are not simple acts of openness, but carefully staged performances of transparency. Drawing on a multi-method, longitudinal investigation of four brand backstory sites, the authors conceptualize brand backstories as selectively disclosive narratives enacted in space. They demonstrate how brands strategically balance revealing and concealing to create the illusion of insider access—an experience that can strengthen authenticity perceptions when executed skillfully, but easily fracture when the performance breaks down.

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