Ad Effectiveness & ROI

Do Ads Really Wear Out? Evidence and Implications for Media

  • ARF
  • ARF

Repeated ad exposure is a double-edged sword: it can help messages stick (wearin) or risk audience fatigue (wearout). This ARF Knowledge at Hand report reviews the latest evidence and finds that while true creative wearout is less common than once assumed, it can occur under specific conditions such as heavy short-term frequency or when there is poor creative quality. For advertisers, the key is knowing when repetition builds impact and when it backfires.

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Decoding CTAs: How Messaging and Emojis Shape Consumer Compliance

  • ARF
  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

How do consumers respond to different calls-to-action (CTAs) in brand content? Can emojis amplify or diminish compliance? The findings in this Journal of Advertising Research study reveal that consumer-focused CTAs boost engagement more effectively than firm-focused ones, while heart emojis can counteract negative reactions and down-pointing emojis may backfire.

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Too Much of a Good Thing? How Personalization in AI-Generated Ads Affects Consumer Attitudes

  • ARF
  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

AI-generated advertising promises scalable personalization—but how much is too much? This study explores how different levels of personalization in AI-generated ads influence consumer attitudes. Through a series of experiments, the authors identify an inverted U-shaped effect: while moderate personalization enhances ad effectiveness, excessive tailoring can lead to consumer discomfort, triggering concerns about manipulation and privacy. The findings provide timely guidance for marketers navigating the trade-offs of hyper-personalized messaging in the age of generative AI.

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Balancing Recall and Resistance: Rethinking YouTube Ad Strategies

  • ARF
  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

Ever wonder about how consumers really respond to YouTube’s main ad formats—skippable ads, non-skippable ads and brand placements? This recent Journal of Advertising Research (JAR) study investigates. The findings show that while non-skippable ads boost brand recall, they also feel more intrusive. By contrast, brand placements and skippable ads create more positive brand attitudes. What’s more, when combined with placements, skippable ads can deliver recall levels on par with non-skippable formats.

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Designing Emotional Arcs for More Persuasive Advertising

  • ARF
  • ARF

New research in this Marketing Science Institute (MSI) working paper uncovers how specific emotional sequences—not just individual emotions—make advertising and fundraising appeals more persuasive. Analyzing over 14,000 GoFundMe medical campaigns, the study shows that messages beginning with sadness and ending with caring are the most effective. These findings provide a fresh template for designing impactful advertising narratives.

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Harmony or Discord? Exploring the Impact of Generative AI on Human Creativity in Advertising

  • ARF
  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

With generative AI tools like ChatGPT and Midjourney rapidly entering the advertising toolkit, the creative landscape is shifting. This study explores how advertising professionals perceive and use these technologies, where friction arises and what the future of human-AI collaboration in advertising might look like. Drawing on qualitative interviews and industry surveys, the paper offers a nuanced view of both enthusiasm and anxiety within the creative community—and sets a research agenda for the field.

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