Journal of Advertising Research

The Engagement Limits of Value Led Brand Messaging

  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

Human values can help brands connect their communications to issues and ideals that matter to consumers, but stronger value expression does not always generate more engagement. An analysis of nearly 28,000 posts from 47 brands found that audience response varied by industry, value category and message characteristics. Fashion brands performed best with subtler value integration, while other sectors showed different patterns, indicating that brands must calibrate value-led messaging to their audience and context.

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How AI Search Is Rewriting Consumer Search Behavior

  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

As consumers add AI-powered search engines to their information routines, their behavior changes with the platform and purpose of the search. An observational study of 848 real-world searches found that traditional search still dominated, while AI-powered search was used more often for advice-seeking. It drew substantially longer queries and produced fewer outbound clicks. The findings suggest that advertisers may need to rethink long-tail keyword strategies, website optimization and ad models as search behavior becomes divided across traditional and generative platforms.

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What Social Media Conversations Reveal About LGBTQ-Themed Advertising

  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

How do consumers respond when brands incorporate LGBTQ themes into their advertising? An analysis of more than 20,000 YouTube comments finds that overall, sentiment toward LGBTQ-themed advertising is predominantly positive, but responses vary considerably depending on the content. Celebratory and family-oriented themes tend to generate more positive reactions, while brand activism and portrayals that challenge traditional gender expectations can produce more polarized responses. The findings underscore the importance of authenticity and understanding the social and cultural dynamics surrounding inclusive advertising.

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Why Gritty Advertising Can Inspire Consumers to Try Something New

  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

Grit is usually associated with perseverance or sticking with a plan to reach a difficult goal and finding innovative ways to overcome any obstacle. But when grit appears in advertising, it may encourage consumers to explore rather than stay the course. A Journal of Advertising Research study finds that advertising designed to evoke feelings of grit can increase consumers’ willingness to seek variety, try unfamiliar options and consider switching brands. The effect is driven by a promotion-focused mindset that encourages consumers to pursue gains and seek the best possible outcome.

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Inside the Journal of Advertising Research: Companions, Faces, and Creative Content in the Age of AI Advertising

  • ARF
  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

On August 11, 2026, the Advertising Research Foundation (ARF) hosted an Insights Studio session highlighting three recently published studies from the Journal of Advertising Research (JAR), the ARF’s flagship journal, all focused on a timely question: how do consumers respond to AI in advertising? Across the three presentations, researchers examined AI from three distinct perspectives: AI as a social companion, AI as a tool for hyper-personalized advertising, and AI as a creator of advertising content. Together, the research offered new insight into when AI can enhance consumer engagement and when its capabilities may actually create resistance.

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The Power of Persuasion in Livestream Commerce: How Benefit Appeals Drive Sales

  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

What makes consumers more likely to buy during a livestream shopping event? This Journal of Advertising Research study finds that benefit-focused messaging—where influencers emphasize how a product improves consumers' lives—significantly increases sales. Analyzing real-world TikTok livestreams and validating the findings through controlled experiments, the researchers also show that customer engagement, facial attractiveness and expressive body movement amplify the effectiveness of these benefit appeals. The findings provide practical guidance for brands and creators looking to improve livestream performance.

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Finding the Right Frequency: What Ad Repetition Means for Attention Across TV Platforms

  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

How many times should consumers see the same television ad? This Journal of Advertising Research study explores how repeated ad exposures affect viewer attention across Connected TV (CTV) and Linear TV (LTV). Using second-by-second attention data collected from more than 1,300 viewers over nearly a year, the researchers find that while repeated advertising reduces attention on both platforms, the decline is significantly steeper in CTV—especially when the same ads are shown repeatedly within short time periods. The findings offer important guidance for advertisers seeking to balance frequency with engagement.

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Striking the Right Balance in AI-Personalized Advertising

  • JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH

Generative AI is opening new possibilities for hyper-personalized advertising, including the ability to create AI-generated faces that closely resemble individual consumers. But how similar is too similar? This Journal of Advertising Research study finds that while moderate facial resemblance can improve advertising effectiveness, excessive similarity may backfire. The research introduces a new framework for measuring facial similarity and identifies an optimal personalization threshold that maximizes purchase intentions while avoiding consumer discomfort and resistance.

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