A methodological procedure where the selection of items, order of questions, or order of response choices to a closed-ended question (See “Question, Closed-Ended”) or presentation of stimuli, is done without predetermined structure or pattern. The idea is to order or present alternatives with no set determination of what follows what. In essence, the desire is to leave order to chance as a means of eliminating bias in research. An everyday example would be shuffling a deck of cards.